Six simple methods for extracting dna from rice seedlings were evaluated for marker. Simple sequence repeat ssr markers are easily available for any region of the genome, and candidate gene markers are being developed rapidly. This book describes basics in linkage mapping, stepbystep procedure to perform mas, achievements made so far in different crops, and limitations and prospects of mas in plant breeding. Simple sequence repeat markers in genetic divergence and markerassisted selection of rice cultivars. Pdf markerassisted selection for rice brown planthopper. Rice, brown planthopper bph, markerassisted selection mas, pyramiding breeding, functional marker fm background rice oryza sativa l. Molecular markers and markerassisted breeding in plants. Pdf one hundred and sixty six local accessions and 25 parent lines of hybrid rice were used as materials for screening leaf blight resistance using 10. Genetic mapping and marker assisted selection basics. Developing markerassisted selection strategies for breeding. Fine mapping and markerassisted selection mas of a low. Rice blast caused by the fungus magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases of rice in nearly all rice growing areas of the world including malaysia. Marker assisted selection is the process of using the results of dna testing in the selection of individuals to become parents for the next generations.
The aim of this study is to develop, validate and deploy a single seed sampling strategy for markerassisted selection of fixed lines in rice that is more efficient, costeffective and convenient compared to leafbased sampling protocols without compromising the accuracy of the markerassisted selection results. Markerassisted selection and gene pyramiding are very important breeding strategies for conferring broad spectrum and durable resistance against diseases causing yield loss in rice. Developing marker assisted selection strategies for breeding hybrid rice yunbi xu ricetec, inc. Markerassisted selection mas, which can select the plants with chromosomal regions tagged with dna markers for desirable traits, is an. Plants were first genotyped at three pcrbased markers which mapped within three of the target regions on chromosomes 1, 2, and 10 and had been selected based on the quality of their polymorphisms and their combinability for multiplexed pcr amplifications ribaut et al. Plants were first genotyped at three pcrbased markers which mapped within three of the target regions on chromosomes 1, 2, and 10 and had been selected based on the quality of their polymorphisms and their combinability for multiplexed. Marker assisted selection for rice brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens resistance using linked ssr markers mahmoodreza et al. Traitrelated markers have many benefits over conventional methods of selection for disease resistance cao et al 2001, knox and clarke 2007, a. Dna marker assisted selection was used to pyramid four bacterial blight resistance genes, xa4, xa5, xa and xa21. Jul 24, 2019 the aim of this study is to develop, validate and deploy a single seed sampling strategy for marker assisted selection of fixed lines in rice that is more efficient, costeffective and convenient compared to leafbased sampling protocols without compromising the accuracy of the marker assisted selection results. The use of molecular markers is often less expensive than the. Ts4 has semidwarf phenotype with reduced growth duration, produces high yield with good grain quality and provides broadspectrum resistance.
The assessment of each method was based on pcr amplification of ssr markers, dna yield and purity, time and cost. Through these techniques, plant breeders have been able to produce cultivars of agriculturally significant plants with genes for resistance to many diseases that. Rice, brown planthopper bph, marker assisted selection mas, pyramiding breeding, functional marker fm background rice oryza sativa l. Evaluation of quick and dirty dna extraction methods for. Genetic analysis of drought resistance in rice by molecular markers. Rice, molecular markers, polymorphism, foreground and background selection sabina akhtar et al. The use of dna markers in plant breeding is called marker assisted selection mas.
Simple sequence repeat markers in genetic divergence and marker assisted selection of rice cultivars. Markerassisted selection strategy to pyramid two or. Traditional strategies for the use of molecular data for genetic improvement involve a twostep approach, leading to marker assisted selection mas 97. Pdf ssrs for markerassisted selection for blast resistance. Genotypes are exposed to managed drought environments for selection of drought tolerant genotypes.
This is the most practical application of markers in rice improvement. Markerassisted selection and gene pyramiding for resistance. Marker assisted selection mas is a novel technique of indirect selection of traits in rice breeding. An improved rice line, designed as ts4, has been developed to contain semidwarf gene sd1, low amylase content gene wx b and bacterial light resistance genes xa4 and xa21 through markerassisted selection. Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection mas is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker morphological, biochemical or dnarna variation linked to a trait of interest e. So far, about 40 major blast genes have been identified, about 30 genes. Marker assisted selection mas for participatory plant.
Markerassisted selection mas has turned into a tool which is to. Chapter 19 technical, economic and policy considerations on. A marker assisted selection mas scheme has been developed and. Markerassisted selection an overview sciencedirect topics. Traditional strategies for the use of molecular data for genetic improvement involve a twostep approach, leading to markerassisted selection mas 97. Note that homozygotes can be selected from the f2 population. Mas breeding schememarker assisted backcrossing,pyramiding in rice.
Molecular markers and markerassisted selection in rice. Marker assisted selection is not affected by environments and can be conducted at any plant growth stage. Pdf rice variety improvement using markerassisted selection. The fine mapping of the low glutelin content gene in w3660 and the identification of tightly linked ssr markers will enable the use of. Chen s, xu cg, lin xh, zhang q 2001 improving bacterial blight resistance of 6078, an elite restorer line of hybrid rice, by molecular markerassisted selection. One such disease causing major set backs in rice production is bacterial leaf blight blb caused by the pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. Omonrice 16 2008 51 detected under salt tolerance materials and methods plant materials two genotypes differing for salt stress namely as996 tolerant and ir64 susceptible, and a set of 96 bc 2f 2 derived from these parents were used. Ionbeam irradiation, gene identification, and marker. One of the tools which can make it easier and faster for scientists to select plant traits is marker assisted selection mas. Carbon ionbeam irradiation produced three rice mutants with pdf yuan l. The use marker assisted selection to improve the rooting quality of the variety kalinga iii was a second aim of this project. Marker assisted pyramiding of two disease resistance genes. An example from thailand boonrat jongdeea, grienggrai pantuwanb.
Marker assisted selection in comparison to conventional. Department of plant breeding, cornell university ithaca, new york 148531901 i. Improving drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice. Genetic mapping and marker assisted selection mas is considered as one of the major tools in genetic improvement of crop plants in this genomics era. Now, however, biotechnology has considerably shortened the time to 710 years for new crop varieties to be brought to the market. Marker assisted selection and gene pyramiding are very important breeding strategies for conferring broad spectrum and durable resistance against diseases causing yield loss in rice. The use markerassisted selection to improve the rooting quality of the variety kalinga iii was a second aim of this project. Marker assisted selection is the only practical way that disease resistance genes for those diseases which do not currently exist in australia can be incorporated into local breeding lines.
Dec 18, 2014 marker assisted selection is a molecular breeding process whereby a molecular marker based on dna variation is used for indirect selection of an interest agronomic trait. Developing markerassisted selection strategies for. Jena kk, jeung ju, lee jh, choi hc, brar ds 2006 highresolution mapping of a new brown planthopper bph resistance gene, bph18t, and markerassisted selection for bph resistance in rice oryza sativa l. The pyramid lines showed a wider spectrum and a higher level of resistance. Through these techniques, plant breeders have been able to produce cultivars of agriculturally significant plants with genes for resistance to many diseases that were not possible before the advent of dna. Jamali nuclear institute of agriculture nia, tando jam, sindh, pakistan abstract rice is an important cereal crop of asian countries. Dna markerassisted selection was used to pyramid four bacterial blight resistance genes, xa4, xa5, xa and xa21. Marker here refers to all kinds of dna markers, usually visualized by the polymorphisms of a dna sequence. Ssrs for markerassisted selection for blast resistance in rice oryza sativa l.
Based on these criteria, two methods were selected as being superior to other methods. Applications and potentials of marker assisted selection mas in. In future combination of conventional and marker assisted selection approach will provide opportunities for breeders to develop high yielding, stress tolerant and better quality rice cultivars. Molecular mapping and markerassisted selection for major. Molecular marker assisted gene stacking for biotic and abiotic. For blast resistance, closely linked dna markers to a blast r gene can be effectively used for marker assisted selection, which is. Marker assisted selection mas refers to indirect selection for a desired plant phenotype based on the banding pattern of linked molecular dna markers. Developing markerassisted selection strategies for breeding hybrid rice yunbi xu ricetec, inc.
Ssrs for marker assisted selection for blast resistance in rice oryza sativa l. In mas, the first step is to use phenotypes and genotypes to identify genetic markers associated with the trait, employing the approaches described earlier. The fine mapping of the low glutelin content gene in w3660 and the identification of tightly linked ssr markers will enable the use of marker assisted selection for this trait, and thus will. Application of marker assisted selection for breeding drought tolerant rice oryza sativa l. The information from the dna testing, combined with the observed performance records for individuals, is intended to improve the accuracy of selection and increase the possibility of.
Chapter 19 technical, economic and policy considerations. Ismail 3 1 cuu long delta rice research institute, codo, can tho, viet nam 2 institute of agricultural sciences for southern vietnam ias 3 internationl rice research. The pyramid lines showed a wider spectrum and a higher level of resistance than lines with only a single gene. Mas is based on the concept that it is possible to infer the presence of a gene from the presence of a marker which is tightly linked to the gene of interest.
Marker based selection was conducted in a stepwise manner on all four generations, from bc 1 f 1 to bc 2 f 3. Molecular markerassisted selection for enhanced yield in malting barley. Pdf marker assisted selection in rice researchgate. It is cultivated on all the continents except antarctica, over an area of more than 150 million ha, but most rice production takes. Molecular mapping and marker assisted selection for salt tolerance in rice oryza sativa l.
Mas will need to address concerns about the population size needed to introgress together more than. The development of a deep and thick root system in rice has been. J phytol 210 2010 6681 corresponding author, email. Markerassisted selection is a powerful tool in breeding for disease resistance. The status of rice as a model crop and the sequencing of the indica and japonica genomes have provided breeders with the necessary tools for marker assisted breeding. Markerassisted breeding will move forward from introgressing singlemultiple genes governing a single trait to multiple genes governing multiple traits to combat emerging biotic and abiotic stresses related to climate change and to enhance rice productivity. Mackill plant breeding, genetics and biotechnology division, international rice research institute irri. May 29, 2018 marker assisted breeding will move forward from introgressing singlemultiple genes governing a single trait to multiple genes governing multiple traits to combat emerging biotic and abiotic stresses related to climate change and to enhance rice productivity. Breeding lines with two, three and four resistance genes were developed and tested for resistance to the bacterial blight pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv.
Molecular marker assisted selection mas is being used at the university of arkansas rice research and extension center ua rrec in stuttgart to accelerate the screening process in early stages. Marker assisted selection in comparison to conventional plant. Doctoral dissertation application of marker assisted. Sequence tagged site markerassisted selection for three bacterial blight resistance genes in rice. Mas will need to address concerns about the population size needed to introgress together more than two genesqtls. To develop cultivars with resistance against different races of m. Rice lines from egypt giza 177, giza 178 and sakha which. It is a major staple food crop southeast and eastern countries of asian subcontinent. May 08, 2017 introduction marker assisted selection mas refers to the use of dna markers that are tightlylinked to target loci as a substitute for or to assist phenotypic screening or the use of genetic markers with the phenotypes in a process called marker assisted selection. Marker assisted pyramiding of bph6 and bph9 into elite. Rice lines from egypt giza 177, giza 178 and sakha which are resistant to blast have been chosen. Markerassisted breeding of indonesia local rice variety.
Markerassisted selection to improve drought adaptation in. Markerbased selection was conducted in a stepwise manner on all four generations, from bc 1 f 1 to bc 2 f 3. The process of developing new crop varieties can take almost 25 years. Pyramiding of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice. One of the most intuitive stages to use markers to select plants is at an early generation especially f2 or f3. Markerassisted selection mas is a novel technique of indirect selection of traits in rice breeding.
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